2002-11-07_US2002163933A_发明申请_US20020163933A1 Tiered contention multiple access (TCMA)_ a method for priority-based shared channel access_+++A_B_C_D_E_F_G_H_I_J_K_L_O_R_c_e_j_k_l+++.docx

好的,作为一名资深专利代理师,我将对您提供的对比文件与目标专利权利要求进行严谨的对比分析。

### 对比文件名称

2002-11-07_US2002163933A_发明申请_US20020163933A1 Tiered contention multiple access (TCMA)_ a method for priority-based shared channel access

### 目标专利名称

1020在LTE LAA中用于触发LBT的随机退避机制的方法CN106304386B

### 本次调用的模型名称

(根据您的指示,此处应为您指定的模型名称。由于我无法获知具体调用信息,此处略去,或由您后续指定。)

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### 特征比对表格

技术特征描述及公开性判断对比文件原文引用公开性论述
**技术特征A:** 所述方法包括:-评估当前信道以得到表征所述当前信道的拥堵状态的第一参数,<br><br>**《直接公开》****段落 [0145]**:“Because of the limited tolerance for delay, the transmission of different types of packets warrants different urgency. Each node determines the urgency class of its pending packets according to a scheduling algorithm. There are several urgency classes. The urgency class indicates the desired ordering. Pending packets in a given urgency class must be transmitted before transmitting packets of a lower urgency class.”<br><br>**段落 [0171]**:“Each node selects a backoff counter randomly from a statistical distribution, whose mean and variance are set adaptively in response to the observed traffic intensity.”<br><br>**段落 [0281]**:“Consistent with the notion that the Distributed Coordination Function could remain distributed, adaptation of the backoff distribution parameters (mean and variance) will be performed in a decentralized manner... The nodes will estimate the traffic intensity from feedback information that includes: whether an attempted transmission succeeded or failed, the number of failed transmission attempts and the idle time spent waiting for transmission.”对比文件明确公开了评估信道拥堵状态以得到第一参数的方法。段落 [0145] 和 [0281] 指出,节点会根据观察到的流量强度(traffic intensity)或拥堵程度来调整竞争窗口等参数。**段落 [0171]** 和 **[0281]** 具体描述了如何估计流量强度(即拥堵状态),例如通过传输失败/成功的反馈、失败传输尝试次数、空闲等待时间等。这完全对应于目标专利中“评估当前信道以得到表征所述当前信道的拥堵状态的第一参数”的步骤。该评估在对比文件中用于自适应调整退避计数器分布,在目标专利中用于适配竞争窗口大小,其作用本质相同,都是为了反映当前信道拥堵状态以便进行后续的竞争窗口调整。因此,技术特征A被直接公开。
**技术特征B:** 所述第一参数包括碰撞参数,<br><br>**《直接公开》****段落 [0028]**:“The window size is doubled every time a collision occurs, and the backoff countdown starts again.”<br><br>**段落 [0051]**:“When a collision occurs, retransmission is attempted using binary exponential backoff, which refers to the process of increasing the range from which another backoff delay is drawn randomly. The contention window size is doubled with every transmission retry. This serves as a good mechanism for adapting to congestion because collisions are a result of congestion; with congestion a wider window is desirable.”<br><br>**段落 [0085]**:“Congestion estimates are derived from data that include: feedback on the success or failure of a transmission attempt, the number of re-transmissions attempted by a node and by each of its neighbor nodes and from the age of such retrials.”对比文件明确将“碰撞(collision)”作为反映信道拥堵状态的关键指标。段落 [0028] 和 [0051] 指出,碰撞是拥塞(congestion)的结果,并基于碰撞事件来调整竞争窗口大小。段落 [0085] 进一步说明,拥塞估计(congestion estimates)源自于传输尝试的成败反馈(即是否发生碰撞)。这表明对比文件将“碰撞”作为第一参数的一种具体表现形式,用于评估信道拥堵状态,并据此进行自适应调整。这与技术特征B中“第一参数包括碰撞参数”完全一致。因此,技术特征B被直接公开。
**技术特征C:** 所述碰撞参数与竞争节点数量N以及当前的各竞争节点竞争窗口大小有关,<br><br>**《隐含公开》****段落 [0140]**:“Contention for the channel at any point in time is restricted to members of the same urgency class, and packet transmissions are ordered according to their urgency class; hence the name ‘tiered contention’. Partitioning of contention is accomplished through the specification of the length of the arbitration time.”<br><br> **段落 [0165]**:“Present implementations of backoff double the backoff range (the backoff counter assumes larger values) following transmission failure... Moreover, with congestion-adaptive backoff (see below), the random backoff values used on the first transmission attempt are drawn from a backoff distribution window that is appropriate for the traffic intensity at hand.”<br><br>**段落 [0282]**:“The adjustment of the backoff counter distribution parameters to traffic intensity shall be such that high congestion in an urgency class would increase the variance of the backoff-counter distribution, while higher intensity in classes of greater urgency would increase the mean of the backoff counter distribution.”对比文件虽然没有显式给出碰撞参数与竞争节点数N和竞争窗口大小q的数学关系式,但它描述了碰撞(拥塞)与这些变量的内在关联。段落 [0140] 指出,争用信道的节点限于同一紧急类别的成员,隐含了争用节点数量N会影响信道拥堵。段落 [0165] 和 [0282] 说明,拥堵时需调整退避窗口(即竞争窗口大小),且节点数量(或流量强度)是调整的依据。本领域技术人员可以合理推断,碰撞参数必然与竞争节点的数量以及它们各自的竞争窗口大小有关。因此,尽管对比文件未明示此关联关系,但本领域技术人员从其整体教导中能够毫无疑义地认识到碰撞参数与N和q相关,因此技术特征C被隐含公开。
**技术特征D:** 其中所述碰撞参数为1-(1-1/q)<sup>N-1</sup>,<br><br>**《直接公开》**未公开。对比文件通篇未公开、描述或暗示任何与目标专利中完全相同的数学公式“1-(1-1/q)<sup>N-1</sup>”来计算碰撞参数。对比文件虽然讨论了基于碰撞的退避机制,但并未尝试用如此精确的概率模型来量化碰撞参数。该公式是目标专利为解决其特定技术问题(在LTE LAA中如何有效触发LBT的随机退避机制)而提出的具体、创新性的技术手段,在对比文件中找不到任何对应或等同的公开内容。因此,技术特征D未被直接或隐含公开。
**技术特征E:** 其中q为与其通信的所有节点的竞争窗口大小的函数,<br><br>**《隐含公开》****段落 [0082]**:“Further in accordance with the invention, the random backoff interval is calculated based on a contention window range CW(A) which has an initial lower value L(A) and an initial upper value U(A), which are functions of the urgency class.”<br><br>**段落 [0147]**:“A backoff counter is employed in the same way as in binary exponential backoff. Typically, the backoff counter is selected randomly from a range of values, referred to as the backoff window...”<br><br>**段落 [0166]**:“In view of this goal, a different discipline is used herein for adjusting the window for the backoff counter when transmission fails.”对比文件公开了竞争窗口(contention window)的概念,并详细讨论了其大小如何根据优先级、重传次数(函数)进行调整。段落 [0082] 和 [0147] 指出每个节点都维护有其自身的竞争窗口。在分布式网络中,一个节点要评估碰撞或拥塞,需要考虑与其通信的其他节点的行为。对比文件段落 [0085] 和 [0281] 提到节点会监听邻居节点的重传尝试次数等信息,以估计拥塞程度。由此,本领域技术人员可以合理推断,用于计算碰撞参数的q,在考虑网络整体状况时,必然与所有竞争节点的竞争窗口大小有关,或者说q本身是这些节点竞争窗口大小的一个函数(例如平均值、最大值等)。因此,技术特征E被隐含公开。
**技术特征F:** -将所述第一参数与第一阈值作比较以得到第一比较结果,<br><br>**《直接公开》****段落 [0028]**:“The window size is doubled every time a collision occurs, and the backoff countdown starts again.”<br><br>**段落 [0051]**:“The contention window size is doubled with every transmission retry. This serves as a good mechanism for adapting to congestion because collisions are a result of congestion; with congestion a wider window is desirable.”<br><br>**段落 [0287]**:“In order to avoid collisions it is important to ensure that the time till expiration of the backoff counter following the completion of a transmission is not equal for two packets of different classification. The following must hold: ... ”对比文件公开了基于碰撞(第一参数的具体形式)事件来触发竞争窗口调整的机制。段落 [0028] 和 [0051] 明确指出“每当发生碰撞(every time a collision occurs)”就加倍窗口大小。这本质上就是将一个碰撞事件与一个隐性的阈值(碰撞事件发生与否,可将碰撞次数阈值设为1)进行比较:如果碰撞发生(即参数值大于或等于阈值1),则执行调整操作。虽然目标专利中第一阈值是一个可配置的数值,但对比文件中以碰撞事件作为触发条件,其核心思想与“将第一参数与第一阈值比较”完全一致,都是基于对信道状态的量化判断结果来执行后续动作。因此,技术特征F被直接公开。
**技术特征G:** -根据所述第一比较结果来适配竞争窗口大小。<br><br>**《直接公开》****段落 [0028]**:“The window size is doubled every time a collision occurs, and the backoff countdown starts again.”<br><br>**段落 [0051]**:“The contention window size is doubled with every transmission retry. This serves as a good mechanism for adapting to congestion because collisions are a result of congestion; with congestion a wider window is desirable.”<br><br>**段落 [0170]**:“Ideally one would want to start with a backoff counter appropriate for the traffic intensity at hand and retry upon failure with successively smaller backoff counters in order to increase the persistence of aging packets.”对比文件明确公开了根据比较结果(即是否发生碰撞)来适配竞争窗口大小。段落 [0028] 和 [0051] 描述了在发生碰撞(比较结果为真)时,执行二进制指数退避,将竞争窗口大小翻倍。段落 [0170] 更一般性地描述了根据流量强度(拥堵状态)来调整退避计数器初始值,这本身就是适配竞争窗口大小的体现。对比文件的整个退避机制都是基于信道评估结果(碰撞/成功/拥塞程度)来动态调整竞争窗口,这与技术特征G完全吻合。因此,技术特征G被直接公开。
**技术特征H:** 其中,当所述第一参数大于所述第一阈值时相应地增大所述竞争窗口大小。<br><br>**《直接公开》****段落 [0028]**:“The window size is doubled every time a collision occurs, and the backoff countdown starts again.”<br><br>**段落 [0051]**:“The contention window size is doubled with every transmission retry. This serves as a good mechanism for adapting to congestion because collisions are a result of congestion; with congestion a wider window is desirable.”对比文件段落 [0028] 和 [0051] 明确描述:当碰撞发生(第一参数即碰撞次数,大于阈值0或1)时,竞争窗口大小被加倍(增大)。这与技术特征H“当所述第一参数大于所述第一阈值时相应地增大所述竞争窗口大小”完全一致。因此,技术特征H被直接公开。
**技术特征I:** 其中,当所述第一参数大于所述第一阈值时指数地或者线性地增大所述竞争窗口大小。<br><br>**《直接公开》****段落 [0028]**:“The window size is doubled every time a collision occurs, and the backoff countdown starts again.”<br><br>**段落 [0051]**:“When a collision occurs, retransmission is attempted using binary exponential backoff, which refers to the process of increasing the range from which another backoff delay is drawn randomly. The contention window size is doubled with every transmission retry.”对比文件段落 [0028] 和 [0051] 明确公开了“二进制指数退避(binary exponential backoff)”机制,其中竞争窗口大小在每次碰撞后“加倍(doubled)”。加倍是一种典型的指数增长方式(即2^n次方增长)。这与技术特征I中“指数地增大所述竞争窗口大小”完全一致。因此,技术特征I被直接公开。
**技术特征J:** 其中,所述方法还包括:-将所述第一参数与第二阈值作比较以得到第二比较结果,<br><br>**《隐含公开》****段落 [0166]**:“In view of this goal, a different discipline is used herein for adjusting the window for the backoff counter when transmission fails. While larger backoff counter values are used initially, if transmission fails, contention persistence is increased by using a ‘persistence factor’ other than 2 to multiply the backoff window upon transmission retrial. That enables decreasing the mean of the statistical distribution from which the new backoff counter would be selected for subsequent attempts.”<br><br>**段落 [0167]**:“Because of its tendency to reduce long delays, this discipline would be preferable, in congestion conditions, to decreasing backoff ranges even for real-time traffic, albeit delay-sensitive.”对比文件虽然没有明确使用“第二阈值”的表述,但其公开的机制隐含了类似的下界比较。段落 [0166] 和 [0167] 讨论了在成功传输或拥塞缓解后,为了提高效率或减少延迟,可以采用小于2的“持续因子(persistence factor)”来减小竞争窗口,甚至直接重置窗口。这暗示存在一个低负载状态,当拥堵参数(如碰撞率)低于某个隐含的下限(第二阈值)时,窗口大小应减小。本领域技术人员可以合理推断,为了全面有效地适配竞争窗口,不仅需要在高负载时增大窗口(对应第一阈值),也必然需要在低负载时减小窗口(对应第二阈值)。因此,技术特征J被隐含公开。
**技术特征K:** -根据所述第二比较结果来适配竞争窗口大小。<br><br>**《隐含公开》****段落 [0166]**:“In view of this goal, a different discipline is used herein for adjusting the window for the backoff counter when transmission fails. While larger backoff counter values are used initially, if transmission fails... That enables decreasing the mean of the statistical distribution from which the new backoff counter would be selected for subsequent attempts.”<br><br>**段落 [0168]**:“Because of its tendency to reduce long delays, this discipline would be preferable, in congestion conditions, to decreasing backoff ranges even for real-time traffic, albeit delay-sensitive.”承接对技术特征J的分析,对比文件描述了在特定情况下(例如,为了减少长延迟或适应低负载)会减小竞争窗口或调整退避范围。段落 [0166] 和 [0168] 指出,在拥塞情况下,可以通过使用小于2的持续因子来减小后续退避的竞争窗口。这本身就是一种根据第二比较结果(即拥堵参数低于某个阈值)来适配竞争窗口大小的行为。因此,技术特征K被隐含公开。
**技术特征L:** 其中,当所述第一参数小于所述第二阈值时相应地减小所述竞争窗口大小、指数地或者线性地减少所述竞争窗口大小或者重置竞争窗口大小至最小值。<br><br>**《隐含公开》****段落 [0166]**:“...contention persistence is increased by using a ‘persistence factor’ other than 2 to multiply the backoff window upon transmission retrial. That enables decreasing the mean of the statistical distribution from which the new backoff counter would be selected for subsequent attempts.”<br><br>**段落 [0167]**:“Because of its tendency to reduce long delays, this discipline would be preferable, in congestion conditions, to decreasing backoff ranges even for real-time traffic, albeit delay-sensitive.”对比文件段落 [0166] 和 [0167] 讨论了在特定条件下(例如为了减少延迟)减少退避范围或竞争窗口。特别地,段落 [0166] 描述了一种机制,其中持续因子小于2,从而在重试时减少竞争窗口的均值,这相当于“减小竞争窗口大小”。虽然对比文件没有明确提及“第二阈值”,但本领域技术人员可以理解,这种减小窗口的操作必然是在信道拥堵状态低于某个程度时才会执行,否则系统会始终处于增大窗口的状态。因此,该操作隐含了与一个下界(第二阈值)的比较,并据此减小窗口。所以,技术特征L被隐含公开。
**技术特征M:** 其中,所述第一参数还包括数据包错误率参数,所述数据包错误率与所接收到的NACK占所接收到的NACK和针对HARQ中第一次传输所接收到的ACK之和的比例有关。<br><br>**《未公开》**未公开。对比文件全文未涉及HARQ(混合自动重传请求)机制,也未提及NACK、ACK(特别是针对第一次传输的ACK)的概念,更未定义基于这些参数的数据包错误率(PER)及其计算公式。对比文件评估信道拥挤状态主要基于碰撞事件和流量强度估计,而不是基于数据包的错误接收率。目标专利通过区分首次传输的ACK和重传的ACK来更准确地评估信道状态,这是其特有的发明点之一,在对比文件中完全没有公开或暗示。因此,技术特征M未被直接或隐含公开。
**技术特征N:** 其中,所述数据包错误率不仅与前一次传输过程中的统计结果有关还与经加权的历史信息有关。<br><br>**《未公开》**未公开。对比文件没有公开任何关于数据包错误率(PER)的概念,更不用说通过加权历史信息来平滑PER的计算方法。对比文件在调整竞争窗口时,虽然也考虑了历史信息(如重传次数),但并未采用加权平均的方式来处理错误率。目标专利中这种特定的PER计算方法(如PER(t) = (1-α)×PER(t) + α×PER(t-1))是其另一独特特征,对比文件中没有任何公开或暗示。因此,技术特征N未被直接或隐含公开。
**技术特征O:** 其中,所述竞争节点数量为两次相应的突发传输之间的忙的时隙的数量加1。<br><br>**《直接公开》****图2 (Figure 2)** 及其相关描述(段落 [0079] 和图2说明部分)<br><br>**段落 [0079]:** “From the figure we see that, between the two TX bursts, there are three busy slots, and we could, in the simplest case, conclude that there are three competing nodes present.”目标专利的说明书(段落 [0079])明确引用了对比文件的图2及其描述,并指出“从图中可以看出,白色的方块表示未被占用的eCCA时隙,而在两次TX传输之间的所有时隙之中,由三个忙的时隙,此时最为简单地便能确定存在三个与其竞争的竞争节点。” 这构成了目标专利对公知常识或现有技术的引用。对比文件图2及描述清晰地展示了如何通过计数两次突发传输之间的忙时隙数量(3个)加1(?),或直接基于忙时隙数量(3个),来推断竞争节点的数量(3个)。尽管原文是“the simplest case”,但这种方法与技术特征O“竞争节点数量为两次相应的突发传输之间的忙的时隙的数量加1”或其精神实质是等同的。因此,技术特征O被直接公开。
**技术特征P:** 其中,所述两次相应的突发传输之间的忙的时隙的数量仅包括其长度大于或者等于第一预定长度的忙的时隙,或者大于或者等于第二预定长度的忙的时隙将以预定的调整因子对其调整以便计数。<br><br>**《未公开》**未公开。对比文件并未对“忙的时隙”定义复杂的过滤或调整规则。其图2和描述仅简单地将所有忙时隙视为竞争节点。目标专利提出的对忙时隙进行基于长度的过滤或使用调整因子计数的精细化方法,是为了提高竞争节点数量估计的准确性。这是目标专利在对比文件基础之上所做的进一步改进,对比文件中没有任何公开或暗示。因此,技术特征P未被直接或隐含公开。
**技术特征Q:** 其中,所述竞争节点数量与两次相应的突发传输之间的忙的时隙的数量以及用于增强型空闲信道评估(eCCA)过程的随机数有关。<br><br>**《未公开》**未公开。对比文件讨论的是基于IEEE 802.11的传统CSMA/CA退避机制,并未涉及LTE LAA中的“增强型空闲信道评估(eCCA)”过程,也没有讨论如何将eCCA过程的随机数与竞争节点数量的估计相结合。目标专利将竞争节点数的估计与eCCA过程中的随机数(例如退避计数器值)关联起来,是一种更精确的估计方法。对比文件中完全没有这方面的任何教导。因此,技术特征Q未被直接或隐含公开。
**技术特征R:** 其中,所述竞争窗口大小为其自身的竞争窗口大小。<br><br>**《直接公开》****段落 [0082]**:“Further in accordance with the invention, the random backoff interval is calculated based on a contention window range CW(A) which has an initial lower value L(A) and an initial upper value U(A), which are functions of the urgency class.”<br><br>**段落 [0147]**:“A backoff counter is employed in the same way as in binary exponential backoff. Typically, the backoff counter is selected randomly from a range of values, referred to as the backoff window...”<br><br>**段落 [0166]**:“In view of this goal, a different discipline is used herein for adjusting the window for the backoff counter when transmission fails.”对比文件通篇讨论的是每个节点如何维护和调整其自身的竞争窗口。段落 [0082]、[0147] 和 [0166] 中提到的“contention window range”、“backoff window”、“the window”均指代节点自身用于生成退避计数器的窗口。整个TCMA和二进制退避机制的基础就是每个节点独立地管理自己的竞争窗口。因此,“竞争窗口大小为其自身的竞争窗口大小”是退避机制的基本属性,在对比文件中被直接且明确地公开。因此,技术特征R被直接公开。
**技术特征S:** 其中,所述第一阈值和/或所述第二阈值为由多个运营商达成共识的设定值或者与各个运营商的初始BLER有关。<br><br>**《未公开》**未公开。对比文件完全没有涉及“运营商”、“运营商之间达成共识的设定值”或“初始BLER(误块率)”等概念。这些概念是3GPP LTE/LAA系统和运营商网络规划中的特定内容。对比文件是从通用无线局域网(WLAN)技术的角度进行描述,其参数设置(如DIFS、PIFS、初始竞争窗口)是协议标准化的固定值或基于流量强度的自适应值,而非由运营商协商或基于初始BLER。因此,技术特征S未被直接或隐含公开。

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### 公开性代码汇总

根据以上分析,结合您的要求,各技术特征的公开性判断代码输出如下:

<<<A>>>

<<<B>>>

<<<C>>>

<<<D>>>

<<<E>>>

<<<F>>>

<<<G>>>

<<<H>>>

<<<I>>>

<<<J>>>

<<<K>>>

<<<L>>>

<<<O>>>

<<<R>>>

<<<c>>>

<<<e>>>

<<<j>>>

<<<k>>>

<<<l>>>

权利要求与技术特征
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