发明公开 US9547986B1 Lane assignments for autonomous vehicles_+++A_B_C_F_G_d_e+++.docx

对比文件名称:发明公开 US9547986B1 Lane assignments for autonomous vehicles

特征比对表格:

技术特征描述及公开性判断对比文件原文引用公开性论述
**技术特征A:通过处理器存取在道路上行驶的车辆的车辆信息**对比文件第[0015]段:“A request to use a portion of a roadway from a vehicle 105 can include environmental data about the surroundings of a vehicle 105 and about the vehicle 105 itself. For example, the vehicle 105 can capture data about ... a location of the vehicle 105, a velocity of the vehicle 105, an orientation of the vehicle 105, ... a size and weight of the vehicle, and other data.”<br>第[0046]段:“The autonomous vehicle controller 160 can generate a request to use the roadway ... The request can include vehicle data 184 associated with the vehicle 105, such as ... the vehicle capabilities, vehicle size or weight, information about cargo of the vehicle, or any other state data associated with the vehicle 105.”<br>第[0041]段:“Vehicle data 184 can include a vehicle identifier ... The vehicle data 184 can further include a vehicle type that includes make, model, and/or other vehicle related information. The vehicle data 184 can further include operational capabilities of the vehicle, such as its size and weight...”对比文件直接公开了技术特征A。在对比文件中,车辆(105)通过其自动驾驶控制器(160)生成使用道路的请求,该请求包含了车辆自身的信息,如位置、速度、方向、尺寸、重量等(第[0015]段)。这些车辆数据(184)被明确存储和维护(第[0041]段),并且处理器(如自动驾驶控制器160或道路管理系统115的处理器)通过接收请求或访问数据存储来存取这些信息(第[0046]段)。这与目标专利中“通过处理器存取车辆信息”的特征相同,在对比文件整体技术方案中,存取车辆信息是为了评估车辆状态、能力及请求优先级,以便进行车道分配,这与目标专利中为动态界定车道而获取基础数据的作用相同。
**《直接公开》**
**技术特征B:通过处理器存取道路的道路信息**对比文件第[0029]段:“The roadway status monitor 124 is executed to monitor and analyze the status of a roadway that is managed by the roadway management system 115. For example, the roadway status monitor 124 can obtain data from various roadway sensors. Roadway sensors can include traffic cameras, in-ground vehicle sensors, ... The roadway status monitor 124 can provide data from which the roadway management system 115 can generate configuration for lanes of a roadway...”<br>第[0033]段:“The roadway data 130 includes data about one or more roadways or portions of roadways that the roadway management system 115 manages and/or monitors. ... The roadway status 148 within the roadway data 130 includes status information associated with the roadway. Roadway status 148 can be generated by or retrieved from the roadway status monitor 124 based upon traffic cameras, ... telemetry data from vehicles 105 on the roadway, road construction data, lane closure data, ... weather data sources ... The roadway status 148 reflects traffic conditions, weather conditions, and whether there are lane closures or other forms of road construction or obstructions...”对比文件直接公开了技术特征B。对比文件中的道路管理系统(115)通过道路状态监控器(124)来获取和管理道路信息(第[0029]段)。这些道路信息被明确存储在道路数据(130)中,包括道路状态(148),其反映了交通状况、天气、车道封闭、施工障碍等多种信息(第[0033]段)。处理器(道路管理系统115的处理器)通过执行监控器124或直接访问数据存储来存取这些道路信息。这与目标专利中“通过处理器存取道路的道路信息”的特征相同。在对比文件整体技术方案中,存取道路信息是为了实时了解道路状况,以优化车道配置和分配,这与目标专利中为动态界定车道而获取环境数据的作用相同。
**《直接公开》**
**技术特征C:通过处理器基于道路信息和车辆信息动态地界定道路的至少一个车道,并且将至少一个车道提供到车辆**对比文件第[0017]段:“The roadway management system 115 can make such a determination by analyzing a state of the roadway and its various travel lanes and assigning a requesting vehicle entrance to the roadway at a particular lane at a particular time and at a particular velocity or velocity range.”<br>第[0030]段:“The roadway management system 115 can generate lane configurations for lanes within roadways 104 and roadway assignments for vehicles 105 requesting use of one or more roadways 104 managed by the roadway management system 115.”<br>第[0034]段:“The roadway management system 115 can generate a lane configuration 151 for the various lanes in a roadway based upon an analysis of the roadway status 148, other roadway data 130, and requests from vehicles 105 to use the roadway.”<br>第[0040]段:“Vehicle roadway assignments 159 represent roadway assignments for vehicles 105 on the roadway. The vehicle roadway assignments 159 can specify an identifier for a particular vehicle 105, an identifier for a lane within the roadway, and a time that the vehicle 105 is permitted to use the lane.”<br>第[0048]段:“In response to receiving the request from the vehicle 105, the roadway management system 115 can generate a roadway assignment 187 that is transmitted to the vehicle 105 over the network 110.”对比文件直接公开了技术特征C。对比文件中的道路管理系统(115)基于道路状态(148)等道路信息和来自车辆的请求(包含车辆信息)来生成车道配置(151)和具体的车辆道路分配(159/187)(第[0017], [0030], [0034]段)。这个过程是动态的,因为系统会持续监控道路状态并根据新的请求更新配置和分配(参见第[0056]-[0058]段)。生成的车道分配(指定了车道、时间、速度等)随后被传输给请求的车辆(第[0040], [0048]段)。这与目标专利中“基于道路信息和车辆信息动态地界定车道并提供给车辆”的特征完全相同。在对比文件整体技术方案中,动态界定车道(即生成车道配置和分配)是为了优化交通流量、安全性和收入等目标,并将结果提供给车辆以指导其行驶,这与目标专利中为解决车道使用效率、自主车辆导航问题而动态创建并提供车道信息的作用相同。
**《直接公开》**
**技术特征D:其中动态地界定至少一个车道包括基于道路信息和车辆信息动态地界定至少一个车道在道路上的位置**对比文件第[0040]段:“Vehicle roadway assignments 159 ... can specify ... an identifier for a lane within the roadway...”<br>第[0018]段:“The roadway management system 115 can also assign a lane configuration to the various lanes of the roadway 104.”<br>第[0034]段:“The roadway management system 115 can generate a lane configuration 151 for the various lanes in a roadway based upon an analysis of the roadway status 148, other roadway data 130, and requests from vehicles 105 to use the roadway.”对比文件隐含公开了技术特征D。对比文件明确记载了为车辆分配特定的车道(“an identifier for a lane”)(第[0040]段),以及对道路上的各个车道进行配置(第[0018]段)。车道配置(151)的生成是基于对道路状态(148)和车辆请求的分析(第[0034]段)。虽然对比文件没有使用“界定车道在道路上的位置”这一表述,但为本领域技术人员所公知的是,为车辆分配一个具体的车道标识(如“车道106”、“车道107”),或者为道路配置可逆车道、调整车道宽度(如图1C所述),本质上就是在界定车道在道路空间中的位置或空间属性。这个界定过程是动态的,并且基于道路和车辆信息。因此,本领域技术人员能够从对比文件中确定,其动态车道分配和配置必然包含了基于相关信息对车道位置(或空间范围)的界定。在对比文件中,界定车道位置是为了实现车辆的有序通行和车道资源的优化利用,这与目标专利中为车辆确定行驶空间的作用是相同的。
**《隐含公开》**
**技术特征E:且其中动态地界定至少一个车道包括消除道路的至少一个先前界定的车道或添加道路的至少一个先前未界定的车道**对比文件第[0018]段:“Lanes can be reversible when the roadway management system 115 determines that reversing a direction of travel would further the outcome directive. For example, a particular lane can be designated as a westbound travel lane during a certain time of the day by the roadway management system 115 and as an eastbound travel lane during another time of day.”<br>第[0031]段:“For example, a lane configuration can represent a direction of travel, or restrictions on the type of vehicles 105 permitted in a lane. ... A lane configuration can also include an indication that a particular lane or portion of a lane in a roadway 104 is a parking lane where vehicles 105 are permitted to park.”<br>第[0057]段:“... the roadway management system 115 can assign lane configurations 151 to a majority of the lanes in a roadway such that traffic flows in the first direction of travel. However, at a different, second time of day, ... the roadway management system 115 can assign a lane configuration 151 to a majority of lanes so that traffic flows in the opposite direction... As an additional example, ... the roadway management system 115 can assign a parking lane configuration 151 to one or more lanes of the roadway should such a condition exist.”对比文件隐含公开了技术特征E。对比文件详细描述了车道配置(151)可以根据交通需求动态改变,例如将车道的行驶方向进行反转(第[0018], [0057]段),或者将行驶车道重新配置为停车车道(第[0031], [0057]段)。从本领域技术人员的视角来看,将一个车道从“西行”重新配置为“东行”,意味着先前为西行交通“界定”的车道功能被“消除”,同时为东行交通“添加”了一个新的车道功能。同样,将行驶车道改为停车车道,也是消除了先前的行驶车道界定,并添加了停车车道的界定。虽然对比文件未使用“消除”和“添加”这两个动词,但其描述的动态重新配置过程在技术实质上等同于车道的功能或状态的消除与添加。这个过程是动态的,且基于道路状态和车辆请求等信息。在对比文件中,动态改变车道配置是为了适应交通流变化、优化道路使用,这与目标专利中通过车道的增减来动态调整道路资源分配的作用相同。
**《隐含公开》**
**技术特征F:其中动态地界定至少一个车道包括:基于车辆信息确定车辆的大小**对比文件第[0015]段:“A request to use a portion of a roadway from a vehicle 105 can include ... a size and weight of the vehicle, and other data.”<br>第[0041]段:“Vehicle data 184 can further include operational capabilities of the vehicle, such as its size and weight...”<br>第[0046]段:“The request can include vehicle data 184 associated with the vehicle 105, such as ... vehicle size or weight...”对比文件直接公开了技术特征F。对比文件多次明确记载,车辆在使用道路的请求中包含其尺寸(size)信息(第[0015], [0046]段),并且车辆数据(184)中包含车辆的尺寸和重量(第[0041]段)。道路管理系统(115)在生成车道分配或配置时,会处理这些请求和车辆数据,因此必然包含了基于车辆信息确定车辆大小的步骤。这与目标专利中“基于车辆信息确定车辆的大小”的特征完全相同。在对比文件整体技术方案中,确定车辆大小是评估车辆对车道空间需求、进行合理车道分配(例如为宽体车辆分配更宽车道,见第[0024]段)的基础,这与目标专利中为界定车道宽度而获取车辆尺寸的作用相同。
**《直接公开》**
**技术特征G:基于车辆的大小确定第一车道的宽度**对比文件第[0024]段:“In the example of FIG. 1C, the lanes 108 and 109 of the roadway 104 are shown to have flexible widths. In this way, the roadway management system 115 can vary the width of a lane of the roadway 104 depending upon the types of vehicles that request usage of the roadway 104. For example, wide-bodied vehicles may request usage of a roadway, so the roadway management system 115 can increase the width of a lane relative to other lanes of the roadway. In another example, a particular lane, such as lane 108, can be configured for usage by two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles and bicycles, which can result in a narrower lane width.”对比文件直接公开了技术特征G。对比文件第[0024]段明确说明,道路管理系统(115)可以根据请求使用道路的车辆类型来改变(vary)车道的宽度。具体举例提到,对于宽体车辆(wide-bodied vehicles),可以增加车道宽度;对于两轮车辆(如摩托车、自行车),则可以配置更窄的车道宽度。车辆类型(如宽体车、两轮车)与车辆大小直接相关。因此,本领域技术人员可以直接地、毫无疑义地确定,对比文件公开了基于车辆的大小(通过车辆类型体现)来确定车道宽度。这与目标专利中“基于车辆的大小确定第一车道的宽度”的特征相同。在对比文件整体技术方案中,根据车辆大小确定车道宽度是为了提高道路空间的利用效率,适应不同车辆的通行需求,这与目标专利中的作用相同。
**《直接公开》**
**技术特征H:确定第一车道的长度**对比文件未发现直接记载“确定车道长度”的语句。对比文件中的车道分配(187)主要关注车道标识、进入时间、速度和方向(第[0040]段),车道配置(151)关注方向、车辆类型限制、停车功能等(第[0031]段)。虽然提到了车辆被分配在特定时间段使用车道,但这更多是关于时间许可,而非物理长度的界定。对比文件没有公开技术特征H。在对比文件公开的整体技术方案中,车道分配和配置的核心在于管理车辆在道路网络中的时空路径和优先级,例如指定车辆在何时、以何速度、使用哪条车道(或车道的一部分,如停车位)。其关注点是车道的“使用权限”和“功能属性”(如方向、可停车)在时间轴上的分配,而非像目标专利那样,为单个车辆或车辆群组在物理道路上“划定”一段具有特定起点和终点的行驶区域(即界定车道的物理长度)。本领域技术人员阅读对比文件后,无法直接或隐含地得出系统会为车辆动态确定一个车道物理长度的结论。目标专利中确定车道长度是为了创建跟随车辆移动或具有特定延伸距离的“虚拟车道”,这与对比文件中基于固定车道进行分配的管理模式在技术手段和作用上存在差异。
**《未公开》**
**技术特征I:确定第一车道的位置,并且将第一车道添加到道路**对比文件第[0040]段:“Vehicle roadway assignments 159 ... can specify ... an identifier for a lane within the roadway...”<br>第[0018]段:“The roadway management system 115 can also assign a lane configuration to the various lanes of the roadway 104.”<br>结合技术特征D和E的隐含公开论述。对比文件隐含公开了技术特征I中“确定第一车道的位置”部分。如技术特征D所述,为车辆分配具体车道标识或对车道进行配置,隐含了确定车道位置。然而,对比文件没有公开“将第一车道添加到道路”这一特征。对比文件中的车道本质上是道路物理上预先存在的车道,系统的工作是对这些现有车道进行动态配置(如改变方向、宽度、功能)和分配,而不是在道路上“添加”一个全新的、物理上原先不存在的车道。图1C中改变车道宽度是对现有车道属性的调整,并非添加全新车道。虽然技术特征E论述了隐含的“添加”车道功能,但那是指车道功能状态的添加(如新增一个东行方向),而非在道路空间上添加一个物理上新的车道实体。目标专利中的“添加车道”可以理解为在道路空间上创建新的行驶区域,这与对比文件管理既有车道的模式不同。因此,“确定位置”可被隐含公开,但“添加到道路”这一整体特征未被公开。
**《部分隐含公开(确定位置),整体未公开》**

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