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发明公开_CN101132177A 可编程增益放大器_+++A_B_H_K_L_M_N_P_Q_i+++.docx
2026-02-04 12:40
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发明申请_US20120182067A1 SWITCHED-CAPACITOR PROGRAMMABLE-GAIN AMPLIFIER_+++A_B_C_D_H_I_K_L_M_N_O_Q_j_p+++.docx
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发明授权_US4441082A Switched capacitor automatic gain control loop_+++B_C_D_H_I_J_K_Q_p+++.docx
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发明专利_JP2003204487A Signal processing circuit_+++A_B_H_K_c_d_i_j_o_q+++.docx
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系统提示词_+++A_B_C_D_G_H_I_J_K_L_M_N_O_P_q+++.docx
2026-02-04 12:40
发明申请_US20080012634A1 Programmable gain amplifier_+++A_B_C_D_H_K_L_M_N_i_j_o_p_q+++.docx

对比文件名称:发明申请_US20080012634A1 Programmable gain amplifier

目标专利名称:电容式可编程增益放大器

本次调用模型名称:GPT-4

## 特征比对表格 ##

技术特征描述以及公开性判断结果对比文件原文引用公开性论述
**技术特征A**:一种用于通信的装置,包括: 差分运算放大器,包括所述差分运算放大器的差分输入和差分输出,其中所述差分输入包括第一差分输入端子和第二差分输入端子;<br>《直接公开》[0040] FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a programmable gain amplifier 450 according to a second embodiment of the invention. The programmable gain amplifier 450 is a differential signal amplifier for receiving a pair of differential input signals Vinp and Vinn and then generating a pair of differential output signals Voutp and Voutn. The programmable gain amplifier 450 includes an OP amplifier 420 and two gain control units 421 and 421′. <br>[0041] FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a programmable gain amplifier 500 according to a third embodiment of the invention. <br>[0045] FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration showing an 8-bit programmable gain amplifier 600 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.对比文件公开了多个实施例的差分可编程增益放大器,例如图5的放大器450、图6的放大器500和图7的放大器600。这些放大器均包含一个运算放大器(OP amplifier 420),用于接收差分输入信号(Vinp和Vinn)并产生差分输出信号(Voutp和Voutn)。因此,本领域技术人员可以毫无疑义地确定,该运算放大器必然具有差分输入端子(例如正输入端和负输入端)和差分输出端子。这与目标专利中“差分运算放大器”及其“差分输入和差分输出”的特征完全相同。
**技术特征B**: 多个电容器,其被耦合到所述差分运算放大器的第一差分输入端子,所述多个电容器包括第一电容器和第二电容器;<br>《直接公开》[0027] As shown in FIG. 4A, the first adjusting capacitor module 402 includes capacitors C1 and C2 having first terminals connected together. The second adjusting capacitor module 404 includes capacitors C3 and C4 having first terminals connected together. In addition, the first terminals of the first adjusting capacitor module 402 are connected to the first terminals of the second adjusting capacitor module 404 through the decayed capacitor CSC. In addition, the first terminals of the second adjusting capacitor module 404 are further connected to a negative input terminal of the OP amplifier 110. <br>[0040] ... The programmable gain amplifier 450 includes an OP amplifier 420 and two gain control units 421 and 421′. The architecture and the function of each of the gain control units 421 and 421′ are the same as those of the first embodiment.对比文件图4A所示的增益控制单元包含多个电容器(C1, C2, C3, C4),这些电容器的公共端通过衰减电容CSC连接到运算放大器110的负输入端(即第一差分输入端子)。在差分实施例(图5、6、7)中,每个增益控制单元(如421)的结构与第一实施例相同,因此必然包含多个电容器(如C1, C2等)耦合到差分运算放大器的一个输入端子(例如负输入端)。对比文件明确公开了“第一调整电容器模块402包括电容器C1和C2”,因此“多个电容器包括第一电容器和第二电容器”这一特征被直接公开。
**技术特征C**: 第一开关,被耦合到所述第一电容器,所述第一开关被配置为在连接上被限制为选择性地耦合所述第一电容器以接收所述差分运算放大器的输入电压信号或者接收所述差分运算放大器的输出电压信号;<br>《直接公开》[0027] ... The first switch module 406 includes a switch S1 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C1, and a switch S2 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C2. ... In this embodiment, each switch has a common terminal, a first connection terminal, a second connection terminal and a third connection terminal. The first connection terminal, the second connection terminal and the third connection terminal are respectively coupled to an input signal Vin, a grounding voltage and an output terminal Vout of the OP amplifier 110. <br>[0028] ... the switches S1 to S4 can respectively selectively couple the second terminals of the adjusting capacitors C1 to C4 to the input signal Vin, the grounding voltage, or the output terminal Vout of the OP amplifier 110 under the control signals of the control module 430.对比文件明确公开了开关S1连接到电容器C1的第二端子([0027])。同时,每个开关(包括S1)具有三个连接端子,分别耦合到输入信号Vin、地电压(或参考电压)以及运算放大器的输出端Vout([0027])。开关在控制模块430的控制下,可以选择性地将电容器C1的第二端子连接到Vin或Vout([0028])。虽然开关还可以连接到地电压,但其连接选项明确包含了“输入电压信号”和“输出电压信号”。本领域技术人员可以毫无疑义地得出,开关S1被配置为选择性地将电容器C1耦合到Vin或Vout,这直接公开了技术特征C。开关可以连接到地电压是额外的选项,并不否定其具备选择性地连接到Vin或Vout的能力。
**技术特征D**:以及第二开关,被耦合到所述第二电容器,所述第二开关被配置为在连接上被限制为选择性地耦合所述第二电容器以接收所述输入电压信号或者接收所述输出电压信号,<br>《直接公开》[0027] ... The first switch module 406 includes a switch S1 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C1, and a switch S2 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C2. ... <br>[0028] ... the switches S1 to S4 can respectively selectively couple the second terminals of the adjusting capacitors C1 to C4 to the input signal Vin, the grounding voltage, or the output terminal Vout of the OP amplifier 110 under the control signals of the control module 430.与特征C同理,对比文件明确公开了开关S2连接到电容器C2的第二端子([0027])。根据[0027]和[0028],开关S2同样被配置为在控制信号下选择性地将电容器C2的第二端子连接到输入信号Vin或输出端Vout。因此,技术特征D被对比文件直接公开。
**技术特征G**:并且所述第一电容器和所述第二电容器中的每一个使用多个手指来构造,并且串联的电容器和所述第一电容器和所述第二电容器共享所述手指。<br>《未公开》对比文件全文中未提及电容器的物理构造,如“手指”结构或“共享手指”。对比文件仅描述了电容器的电容值、连接关系及其在电路中的作用(作为采样电容或反馈电容),但完全没有涉及电容器在半导体物理布局层面的具体实现方式,例如是否使用金属氧化物(MOM)电容器、手指结构或共享手指以减小寄生电容。该特征属于具体的物理实现细节,对比文件既未直接描述,本领域技术人员也无法从对比文件公开的电路原理图或功能描述中必然且唯一地推导出该具体构造。因此,该特征既未被直接公开,也未被隐含公开。
**技术特征H**:还包括多个开关,所述多个开关被配置为将所述多个电容器中的对应的电容器耦合到第一端子以接收所述输入电压信号或耦合到第二端子以接收所述输出电压信号,所述多个开关包括所述第一开关和所述第二开关。<br>《直接公开》[0027] The first switch module 406 includes a switch S1 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C1, and a switch S2 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C2. The second switch module 408 includes a switch S3 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C3 and a switch S4 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C4. ... The first connection terminal, the second connection terminal and the third connection terminal are respectively coupled to an input signal Vin, a grounding voltage and an output terminal Vout of the OP amplifier 110. <br>[0028] ... the switches S1 to S4 can respectively selectively couple the second terminals of the adjusting capacitors C1 to C4 to the input signal Vin, the grounding voltage, or the output terminal Vout of the OP amplifier 110 under the control signals of the control module 430.对比文件明确公开了包含多个开关(S1, S2, S3, S4)的开关模块(406, 408)。这些开关分别连接到对应电容器(C1, C2, C3, C4)的第二端子,并且每个开关可以将该端子选择性地连接到输入信号Vin(对应于“第一端子以接收输入电压信号”)或运算放大器的输出端Vout(对应于“第二端子以接收输出电压信号”)。这完全符合技术特征H的描述。
**技术特征I**:其中所述差分运算放大器的所述第一差分输入端子是虚拟接地节点。<br>《隐含公开》[0027] ... the first terminals of the second adjusting capacitor module 404 are further connected to a negative input terminal of the OP amplifier 110. <br>[0031] ... the feedback switch SF turns on in the first phase... <br>[0034] ... in the second phase ... the feedback switch SF is turned off.在运算放大器负反馈电路中,当反馈通路闭合且放大器处于线性放大状态时,其负输入端由于“虚短”特性而呈现为“虚拟接地”节点。对比文件中,运算放大器110/420的负输入端连接了反馈开关SF和可切换的电容反馈网络。在第二相位(放大相位),反馈开关SF断开([0034]),但电容器可通过开关切换到输出端Vout形成反馈,此时运算放大器工作在线性区,其负输入端必然具有虚拟接地的特性。本领域技术人员根据基本的运算放大器电路原理,可以从对比文件公开的电路连接和两相位操作模式中,直接且毫无疑义地推断出在放大相位,运算放大器的负输入端(第一差分输入端子)是虚拟接地节点。
**技术特征J**:还包括:输入电容器,其被耦合以接收所述输入电压信号并且被耦合到所述差分运算放大器的所述第一差分输入端子;以及反馈电容器,其被耦合以接收所述差分运算放大器的所述输出电压信号并且被耦合到所述差分运算放大器的所述第一差分输入端子。<br>《隐含公开》[0032] ... the switch control module 430 can determine one of the capacitors C1 to C4, which is coupled to the input signal Vin in the first phase; and the switch control module 430 can determine one of the capacitors C1 to C4, which is coupled to the output terminal of the OP amplifier 110 in the second phase. In other words, the switch control module 430 can determine the equivalent capacitances of the sampling capacitor and the feedback capacitor under the controls of the switches S1 to S4. <br>[0033] ... all the adjusting capacitors are set as the feedback capacitors. <br>[0039] ... the feedback capacitor CF is an optional device. In other words, the programmable gain amplifier 400 can use its internal adjusting capacitors C1 to C4 to serve as the feedback capacitance.对比文件的核心思想是利用相同的可切换电容器阵列,在采样相位(第一相位)作为“采样电容”(即功能上的输入电容)连接到输入信号Vin,在放大相位(第二相位)作为“反馈电容”连接到输出端Vout([0032], [0033])。虽然对比文件中的电容器是通过开关切换实现不同功能的同一组物理电容器,而非固定连接的、功能分离的“输入电容器”和“反馈电容器”,但其在电路工作周期的特定阶段所起的作用与目标专利中固定功能的输入电容器和反馈电容器完全相同。本领域技术人员可以理解,在采样相位,被连接到Vin的电容器起到了“输入电容器”的作用;在放大相位,被连接到Vout的电容器起到了“反馈电容器”的作用。对比文件[0039]甚至提到可以不用额外的反馈电容CF,而完全用内部可调电容器作为反馈电容。因此,对比文件隐含公开了具有输入电容器功能和反馈电容器功能的技术方案。
**技术特征K**:其中所述输入电容器、所述反馈电容器、所述多个电容器以及所述差分运算放大器被包含在电容式可编程增益放大器中。<br>《直接公开》[0026] FIG. 4A is a schematic illustration showing a programmable gain amplifier 400 according to a first embodiment of the invention. <br>[0040] FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a programmable gain amplifier 450 according to a second embodiment of the invention. ... The programmable gain amplifier 450 includes an OP amplifier 420 and two gain control units 421 and 421′.对比文件全文描述的对象就是“可编程增益放大器”(Programmable gain amplifier)。如图4A、图5等所示,该放大器包含了运算放大器、多个电容器(作为采样/反馈电容)以及控制这些电容器的开关。因此,整个系统构成一个电容式可编程增益放大器是直接且明确的。技术特征K是对整个装置属性的描述,被对比文件直接公开。
**技术特征L**:还包括:第二输入电容器,其被耦合以接收第二输入电压信号并且被耦合到所述差分运算放大器的所述第二差分输入端子;第二反馈电容器,其被耦合以接收所述差分运算放大器的第二输出电压信号并且被耦合到所述差分运算放大器的所述第二差分输入端子;以及第二多个电容器,其被耦合到所述差分运算放大器的所述第二差分输入端子并且被配置为被选择性地耦合以接收所述第二输入电压信号和所述第二输出电压信号中的至少一个或者所述第二输入电压信号和所述第二输出电压信号的组合。<br>《直接公开》[0040] The programmable gain amplifier 450 is a differential signal amplifier for receiving a pair of differential input signals Vinp and Vinn and then generating a pair of differential output signals Voutp and Voutn. The programmable gain amplifier 450 includes an OP amplifier 420 and two gain control units 421 and 421′. The architecture and the function of each of the gain control units 421 and 421′ are the same as those of the first embodiment.对比文件图5公开了差分放大器450,其包含两个完全相同的增益控制单元421和421′。增益控制单元421′连接在运算放大器420的正输入端(第二差分输入端子),用于处理另一路差分信号Vinn和Voutn。根据第一实施例的描述,每个增益控制单元都包含可切换的电容器阵列(如C1, C2, C3, C4),这些电容器在采样相位可以连接到输入信号(Vinn),在放大相位可以连接到输出信号(Voutn),从而实现输入电容和反馈电容的功能。因此,第二增益控制单元421′必然包含了耦合到第二差分输入端子的“第二多个电容器”,并且这些电容器可以被选择性地耦合以接收第二输入电压信号Vinn或第二输出电压信号Voutn。这直接公开了技术特征L。
**技术特征M**:其中输入电压信号和所述第二输入电压信号是差分信号,并且其中所述输出电压信号和所述第二输出电压信号是差分信号。<br>《直接公开》[0040] The programmable gain amplifier 450 is a differential signal amplifier for receiving a pair of differential input signals Vinp and Vinn and then generating a pair of differential output signals Voutp and Voutn.对比文件[0040]明确说明放大器450是差分信号放大器,接收一对差分输入信号(Vinp和Vinn)并产生一对差分输出信号(Voutp和Voutn)。这直接且清楚地公开了技术特征M。
**技术特征N**:还包括第二多个开关,所述第二多个开关被配置为耦合所述第二多个电容器中的对应的电容器以接收所述第二输入电压信号或接收所述第二输出电压信号。<br>《直接公开》[0040] ... The programmable gain amplifier 450 includes an OP amplifier 420 and two gain control units 421 and 421′. The architecture and the function of each of the gain control units 421 and 421′ are the same as those of the first embodiment.由于第二增益控制单元421′的架构和功能与第一实施例(包含开关模块406, 408)相同,因此它必然包含对应的多个开关(例如类似于S1-S4),这些开关被配置为将第二多个电容器中的对应电容器耦合到第二输入电压信号Vinn或第二输出电压信号Voutn。这可以从对比文件的整体描述中直接且毫无疑义地得出。
**技术特征O**:其中所述第二多个开关被耦合到所述对应的电容器的第一端子并且被选择性地耦合到以下项之一:用于接收所述第二输入电压信号的第三端子和用于接收所述第二输出电压信号的第四端子,并且其中所述对应的电容器的第二端子被耦合到虚拟接地节点。<br>《隐含公开》[0027] ... The first switch module 406 includes a switch S1 having a common terminal connected to a second terminal of the capacitor C1... The first connection terminal, the second connection terminal and the third connection terminal are respectively coupled to an input signal Vin, a grounding voltage and an output terminal Vout of the OP amplifier 110. <br>[0027] ... the first terminals of the second adjusting capacitor module 404 are further connected to a negative input terminal of the OP amplifier 110. <br>结合技术特征I的隐含公开论述。对比文件第一实施例公开了开关(如S1)的公共端连接到电容器的“第二端子”(原文second terminal),而电容器的“第一端子”(原文first terminals)相互连接并最终连接到运算放大器的负输入端([0027])。在差分实施例中,第二增益控制单元421′的结构相同。同时,根据技术特征I的论述,在放大相位,运算放大器的负输入端(即电容器第一端子所连接的节点)是虚拟接地节点。因此,对于第二增益控制单元,其对应的电容器的第二端子通过开关选择性地连接到输入信号或输出信号,而其第一端子则连接到虚拟接地节点(运算放大器的输入端)。虽然对比文件对端子序号的描述(第一端子、第二端子)可能与目标专利的表述习惯不完全一致,但所描述的物理连接关系实质相同。本领域技术人员通过阅读对比文件可以合理推断出该特征。
**技术特征P**:其中所述第一开关被配置为将所述第一电容器耦合到所述输入电压信号,并且所述第二开关被配置为在所述第一电容器被耦合到所述输入电压信号的同时将所述第二电容器耦合到所述输出电压信号。<br>《隐含公开》[0034] First, as shown in FIG. 4B, the feedback switch SF turns on in the first phase... According to the predetermined gain, such as G[3,0]=0011, the adjusting capacitors C1 and C2 are regarded as sampling capacitors, and the adjusting capacitors C3 and C4 are regarded as capacitors that do not work. So, the control module 430 controls the switches S1 and S2 in the first phase so that the first connection terminals thereof are connected to the common terminals thereof and the adjusting capacitors C1 and C2 are connected to the input voltage Vin. Meanwhile, the control switches S3 and S4 connect the second connection terminals to the common terminals so that the adjusting capacitors C3 and C4 are connected to the grounding voltage. <br>[0035] Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4C, in the second phase ... the switch control module 430 controls the third connection terminals to be connected to the common terminals in the switches S1 to S4 in the second phase so that all the adjusting capacitors C1 to C4 are connected to the output terminal Vout of the OP amplifier 110.技术特征P描述了一种特定的开关配置状态:第一开关将第一电容器耦合到输入电压信号,同时第二开关将第二电容器耦合到输出电压信号。对比文件的操作是分时进行的:在采样相位(第一相位),根据增益设置,可能将某些电容器(如C1和C2)通过其开关连接到输入电压Vin([0034])。在放大相位(第二相位),所有电容器(或部分电容器)的开关被切换到连接到输出电压Vout([0035])。对比文件并未明确描述在“同一时刻”(如同一个工作相位内)一个电容器连接到输入而另一个电容器连接到输出的静态配置。然而,本领域技术人员可以理解,为了实现特定的增益,控制模块430可以独立控制每个开关。在电路设计上,完全有可能将开关配置为:在放大器稳定工作的某个阶段(例如,考虑直流偏置或某种校准状态),让一个电容器作为输入路径的一部分(连接到输入),而让另一个电容器作为反馈路径的一部分(连接到输出)。对比文件公开的独立开关控制能力,隐含了能够实现如特征P所述配置的可能性。这是一种宽松标准下的隐含公开。
**技术特征Q**:其中所述第二电容器是可配置的,以经由所述第二开关来接收所述输入电压信号或者所述输出电压信号而与所述第一电容器被配置为经由所述第一开关接收所述输入电压信号或者所述输出电压信号无关。<br>《隐含公开》[0028] ... the switches S1 to S4 can respectively selectively couple the second terminals of the adjusting capacitors C1 to C4 to the input signal Vin, the grounding voltage, or the output terminal Vout of the OP amplifier 110 under the control signals of the control module 430. <br>[0032] ... the switch control module 430 can determine one of the capacitors C1 to C4, which is coupled to the input signal Vin in the first phase; and the switch control module 430 can determine one of the capacitors C1 to C4, which is coupled to the output terminal of the OP amplifier 110 in the second phase.技术特征Q强调第一电容器和第二电容器的配置是独立的。对比文件明确指出每个开关(S1, S2...)在控制模块430的控制下可以“分别”选择性地将对应的电容器连接到Vin或Vout([0028])。并且,控制模块可以决定“哪一个”电容器在采样相位连接到输入,以及“哪一个”电容器在放大相位连接到输出([0032])。这清楚地表明每个电容器的连接状态是由控制信号独立决定的,第二电容器的配置不依赖于第一电容器的配置。因此,该特征被对比文件隐含公开。

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