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发明公开 US2016036917A1 SMART ROAD SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES (1)_+++A_B_c_d+++.docx
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发明公开 US2017148316A1 LANE ASSIGNMENTS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES_+++A_B_c_d_e_f_g_i+++.docx
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发明公开 WO2006094585A1 VERFAHREN ZUM SCHÄTZEN DES VERLAUFS EINER FAHRSPUR_+++A_B+++.docx
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发明公开 US2017148316A1 LANE ASSIGNMENTS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES_+++A_B_c_d_e_f_g_i+++.docx

**对比文件名称**:发明公开 US2017148316A1 LANE ASSIGNMENTS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

**特征比对表格**

技术特征描述及公开性判断对比文件原文引用公开性论述
**A. 通过处理器存取在道路上行驶的车辆的车辆信息**<br>**《直接公开》**说明书第[0016]段:“The vehicle 105 can capture data about whether other vehicles 105 are in its vicinity or in close proximity to the vehicle 105, a location of the vehicle 105, a velocity of the vehicle 105, an orientation of the vehicle 105, a number and makeup of passengers, information about cargo of the vehicle 105, a size and weight of the vehicle, and other data.”<br>说明书第[0047]段:“Vehicle data 184 can include a vehicle identifier such as, for example, a vehicle identification number (VINs) and/or other type of unique identifier used to identify the vehicle 105. The vehicle data 184 can further include a vehicle type that includes make, model, and/or other vehicle related information. The vehicle data 184 can further include operational capabilities of the vehicle, such as its size and weight, its passenger capacity, its acceleration capability or its velocity capabilities.”<br>说明书第[0055]段:“The request can include vehicle data 184 associated with the vehicle 105, such as an occupancy of the vehicle, the vehicle capabilities, vehicle size or weight, information about cargo of the vehicle, or any other state data associated with the vehicle 105.”对比文件明确记载了车辆(105)可以捕获并向道路管理系统(115)提供其自身的信息,包括位置、速度、尺寸、重量等。道路管理系统(115)通过接收来自车辆的请求来“存取”这些车辆信息。这与目标专利中技术特征A“通过处理器存取在道路上行驶的车辆的车辆信息”所描述的行为和内容完全相同。在对比文件中,存取车辆信息是道路管理系统为车辆分配车道的基础步骤,其作用与目标专利中为解决动态车道界定问题而获取车辆信息的作用一致。
**B. 通过处理器存取道路的道路信息**<br>**《直接公开》**说明书第[0030]段:“The roadway status monitor 124 is executed to monitor and analyze the status of a roadway that is managed by the roadway management system 115. For example, the roadway status monitor 124 can obtain data from various roadway sensors. Roadway sensors can include traffic cameras, in-ground vehicle sensors, such as inductive sensors, motion detectors, or other sensors or devices that are associated with a roadway 104.”<br>说明书第[0034]段:“The roadway status 148 within the roadway data 130 includes status information associated with the roadway. Roadway status 148 can be generated by or retrieved from the roadway status monitor 124 based upon traffic cameras, in-ground or above-ground vehicle sensors, motion detectors, telemetry data from vehicles 105 on the roadway, road construction data, lane closure data, law enforcement or emergency agency data sources, weather data sources or weather forecasting data sources, or other sources. The roadway status 148 reflects traffic conditions, weather conditions, and whether there are lane closures or other forms of road construction or obstructions that may affect how vehicles 105 should be assigned to lanes within the roadway.”对比文件明确记载了道路管理系统(115)通过道路状态监视器(124)来获取和监控道路(104)的状态信息,包括交通状况、车道关闭、道路施工、天气等。这些信息存储在道路数据(130)中并被道路管理系统存取和使用。这与目标专利中技术特征B“通过处理器存取道路的道路信息”所描述的行为和内容完全相同。在对比文件中,存取道路信息是道路管理系统动态配置车道和分配车道的依据,其作用与目标专利中为解决动态车道界定问题而获取道路信息的作用一致。
**C. 通过处理器基于道路信息和车辆信息动态地界定道路的至少一个车道,并且将至少一个车道提供到车辆**<br>**《隐含公开》**说明书第[0018]段:“The roadway management system 115 can make such a determination by analyzing a state of the roadway and its various travel lanes and assigning a requesting vehicle entrance to the roadway at a particular lane at a particular time and at a particular velocity or velocity range.”<br>说明书第[0031]段:“Based upon the data obtained from the roadway status monitor 124 as well as requests from vehicles 105 to use a portion of the roadway, the roadway management system 115 can generate roadway assignments for vehicles 105 and lane configurations for lanes within a roadway 104.”<br>说明书第[0040]段:“Upon receiving a request to use the roadway from the vehicle 105, the roadway management system 115 can use roadway cost function 157 to determine whether and where to assign a vehicle 105 to use the roadway.”<br>说明书第[0041]段:“The vehicle roadway assignments 159 represent roadway assignments for vehicles 105 on the roadway. The vehicle roadway assignments 159 can specify an identifier for a particular vehicle 105, an identifier for a lane within the roadway, and a time that the vehicle 105 is permitted to use the lane.”<br>说明书第[0056]段:“In response to receiving the request from the vehicle 105, the roadway management system 115 can generate a roadway assignment 187 that is transmitted to the vehicle 105 over the network 110.”对比文件没有直接使用“动态地界定”(dynamically define)车道这一表述,但其核心功能“生成车道分配”(generate roadway assignments)和“配置车道”(lane configurations)在实质上等同于“界定车道”。道路管理系统(115)基于实时获取的道路状态(道路信息)和车辆请求中包含的车辆数据(车辆信息),为车辆分配特定的车道、使用时间和速度,这个过程本身就是一种动态的车道界定行为。并且,界定/分配的结果(roadway assignment 187)会被传输给车辆(105)。因此,对于本领域技术人员而言,从对比文件公开的“基于道路状态和车辆请求生成并分配车道”这一技术方案中,能够直接且毫无疑义地确定其包含了“基于道路信息和车辆信息动态地界定道路的至少一个车道,并且将至少一个车道提供到车辆”这一技术特征。两者在各自技术方案中起到的作用相同:都是根据实时信息为车辆确定合适的行驶空间。
**D. 其中动态地界定至少一个车道包括基于道路信息和车辆信息动态地界定至少一个车道在道路上的位置**<br>**《隐含公开》**说明书第[0018]段:“... assigning a requesting vehicle entrance to the roadway at a particular lane ...”。<br>说明书第[0041]段:“The vehicle roadway assignments 159 ... specify ... an identifier for a lane within the roadway ...”。<br>说明书第[0056]段:“... the roadway management system 115 can generate a roadway assignment 187 ...”。对比文件明确记载了车道分配(roadway assignment)会指定车辆被分配到的具体车道(a particular lane, an identifier for a lane)。为车辆分配一个具体的车道,必然意味着该车道在道路上的位置已经被确定(例如,左起第一车道、中间车道等)。这个确定车道位置的过程,是基于道路信息(如车道配置、交通状况)和车辆信息(如车辆尺寸、目的地)进行的,并且可以动态调整(如可逆车道)。因此,技术特征D的内容已隐含在对比文件公开的“为车辆分配特定车道”的技术方案中。其作用与目标专利中相同,都是确定车道的空间位置。
**E. 且其中动态地界定至少一个车道包括消除道路的至少一个先前界定的车道或添加道路的至少一个先前未界定的车道**<br>**《隐含公开》**说明书第[0019]段:“Lanes can be reversible when the roadway management system 115 determines that reversing a direction of travel would further the outcome directive.”<br>说明书第[0035]段:“Lane configurations 151 reflect data regarding lanes within the roadway. Lane configurations 151 can specify a direction of travel of a particular lane within the roadway. For example, a lane within the roadway can be specified as a reversible lane. Accordingly, a particular lane can have a lane configuration 151 in a first direction of travel or a second direction of travel.”<br>说明书第[0058]段:“The roadway management system 115 can also monitor the status of lanes within a roadway and assign lane configurations 151 to the lanes of the roadway based upon the roadway status 148 and the requests from vehicles 105 to use the roadway.”对比文件虽然没有直接使用“消除”或“添加”车道的字眼,但其核心概念“可逆车道”(reversible lane)和动态“车道配置”(lane configurations)的实现,必然伴随着车道功能的动态变化。例如,将一条车道从“东行”配置改为“西行”配置,对于原东行交通流而言,相当于“消除”了该东行车道;对于西行交通流而言,相当于“添加”了一条西行车道。此外,对比文件还提到可以根据交通需求调整车道宽度(说明书第[0025]段),这也是一种对车道定义的动态调整。因此,对于本领域技术人员,从对比文件公开的动态、可配置的车道管理系统方案中,能够确定其包含了动态改变车道定义(包括功能上的消除与添加)的技术手段。其作用与目标专利中相同,都是为了适应交通状况变化而动态调整道路上的车道布局。
**F. 其中动态地界定至少一个车道包括:基于车辆信息确定车辆的大小**<br>**《隐含公开》**说明书第[0016]段:“... a size and weight of the vehicle, and other data.”<br>说明书第[0047]段:“... such as its size and weight ...”<br>说明书第[0055]段:“... vehicle size or weight ...”。对比文件多次明确记载车辆信息中包含车辆的尺寸(size)信息。当道路管理系统(115)基于车辆信息进行车道分配或配置时(如技术特征C所述),确定车辆大小是其中一个必然的、基础性的步骤。虽然没有一个单独的句子写明“基于车辆信息确定车辆的大小”,但获取并利用车辆尺寸信息这一行为已明确记载,并且是车道分配逻辑中不可或缺的一环。因此,该技术特征已被对比文件隐含公开。其作用与目标专利中相同,都是为后续确定车道参数提供依据。
**G. 基于车辆的大小确定第一车道的宽度**<br>**《隐含公开》**说明书第[0025]段:“In the example of FIG. 1C, the lanes 108 and 109 of the roadway 104 are shown to have flexible widths. In this way, the roadway management system 115 can vary the width of a lane of the roadway 104 depending upon the types of vehicles that request usage of the roadway 104. For example, wide-bodied vehicles may request usage of a roadway, so the roadway management system 115 can increase the width of a lane relative to other lanes of the roadway. In another example, a particular lane, such as lane 108, can be configured for usage by two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles and bicycles, which can result in a narrower lane width.”对比文件明确公开了车道宽度可以根据请求使用道路的车辆类型进行灵活调整(vary the width of a lane ... depending upon the types of vehicles)。车辆类型(如宽体车辆、两轮车辆)与车辆大小直接相关。为宽体车辆增加车道宽度、为摩托车设置更窄车道,这明确揭示了基于车辆大小(或类型所代表的大小)来确定车道宽度的技术思想。虽然目标专利权利要求中限定了“第一车道”,但这只是一个指代,对比文件中根据车辆调整宽度的车道即对应于该“第一车道”。因此,该技术特征已被对比文件隐含公开。其作用与目标专利中相同,都是使车道宽度适应车辆尺寸。
**H. 确定第一车道的长度**<br>**《未公开》**对比文件未发现有关为特定车辆或特定车道动态确定或指定其“长度”的记载。对比文件关注的是车道的分配、配置(方向、宽度)和车辆在车道上的时间安排,并未涉及动态界定一个具有特定起点和终点长度的“车道段”。对比文件没有公开,也没有隐含公开“确定第一车道的长度”这一技术特征。在对比文件的技术方案中,车道通常是道路上一个连续的、既定的部分,车辆被分配进入某个车道并在其中行驶一段距离,但系统并未动态地为该车辆界定一个从某处开始、到某处结束的特定长度的车道。目标专利中“车道的长度”是其动态车道界定的一个重要维度,而在对比文件中缺乏相应的技术手段或目的。
**I. 确定第一车道的位置,并且将第一车道添加到道路**<br>**《隐含公开》**此特征与技术特征D和E部分重叠且结合。基于对D和E的分析:<br>1. **确定位置**:已隐含在“分配特定车道”(assigning a particular lane)中。<br>2. **添加到道路**:已隐含在“动态车道配置”中,例如,通过将一条车道重新配置为相反方向(可逆车道),对于新的行驶方向而言,相当于“添加”了一条车道。虽然对比文件中的车道在物理上已存在,但其“功能定义”或“分配状态”是动态添加的。这与目标专利在权利要求语境下“添加车道”的含义(动态地使道路上出现一个可供使用的新定义车道)是相通的。综合技术特征D和E的隐含公开内容,对比文件已经公开了“确定车道位置”以及通过动态配置(如改变方向)来实现“功能上添加车道”的技术手段。对于本领域技术人员,从对比文件的整体方案中可以确定这些技术内容。其作用与目标专利中类似,都是为了在道路上为车辆提供可用的行驶空间。

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